Vaginal Yeast Infections:

A vaginal yeast infection is a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida, usually Candida albicans, in the vaginal area. While small amounts of yeast naturally live in the vagina, an imbalance in the vaginal environment can lead to excessive growth, causing symptoms. Causes: Yeast infections occur when the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina is disrupted. Common triggers include:

• Antibiotic use (kills good bacteria)
• Hormonal changes (pregnancy, birth control, menopause)
• Diabetes (especially if poorly controlled)
• Weakened immune system
• High sugar diet
• Tight or synthetic clothing (traps moisture and heat)
• Douching or scented feminine products (alters vaginal pH)

Common Symptoms:

• Itching and irritation in the vaginal and vulval area
• Thick, white discharge (often described as “cottage cheese-like”) – usually odorless
• Redness or swelling of the vulva
• Burning sensation during urination or intercourse
• Soreness or rash around the vaginal opening

Treatment Options: 1. Over-the-Counter Antifungals

• Creams or suppositories (e.g., clotrimazole, miconazole)
• Used for 1, 3, or 7 days, depending on severity 2. Prescription Oral Antifungal
• Fluconazole (single-dose tablet)
• Effective and convenient but not suitable during pregnancy 3. Recurrent Infections
• May require longer treatment (e.g., weekly fluconazole for several months)
• Investigation into underlying causes (e.g., diabetes, resistant yeast strains)

Prevention Tips:

• Wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing
• Avoid douching, scented soaps, and sprays
• Wipe front to back after using the toilet
• Keep the vaginal area dry and clean
• Limit sugar and refined carbs
• Take probiotics or eat yogurt with live cultures (may help restore balance)