HIV and my unborn baby
HIV can affect your unborn child, but with the right care and treatment, the risk of passing HIV to your baby can be reduced to less than 1%. Here's what you need to know:
How HIV Can Affect Your Baby
- During Pregnancy:
- HIV can pass from mother to baby through the placenta, especially if the mother’s viral load (amount of HIV in the blood) is high.
- Risk increases if the mother does not receive antiretroviral treatment (ART).
- During Labour and Delivery:
- Exposure to blood and fluids during vaginal delivery can transmit the virus.
- In some cases, a C-section may be recommended if the viral load is high close to delivery.
- After Birth (Breastfeeding):
- HIV can be passed through breast milk.
- In countries like South Africa, where safe formula feeding may not be practical for everyone, exclusive breastfeeding with maternal ART is often recommended, as mixed feeding increases the risk of transmission.
How to Protect Your Baby
- Start and continue antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible—even if you just found out you're pregnant.
- Attend all prenatal checkups to monitor your health and your baby’s development.
- Have your viral load tested regularly—if it’s undetectable, the risk of transmission is extremely low.
- Plan your delivery method based on your viral load and doctor’s guidance.
- Follow safe feeding advice—your healthcare provider will help you choose the safest option for your baby.
- Your baby will receive HIV medication after birth for a few weeks as a precaution.
Good News:
- Many women with HIV deliver completely healthy, HIV-negative babies when they follow medical advice and take treatment properly.
- It’s important to speak openly with your doctor or clinic nurse—they are there to help you and your baby stay healthy.