What is a prolapse?
A prolapse happens when one or more of the pelvic organs (like the uterus, bladder, or rectum) drop down (or bulge) into the vagina. This is because the muscles and tissues (the pelvic floor) that normally support these organs become weakened or stretched.
Types of prolapse Depending on which organ drops, it can be:
- Uterine prolapse — the uterus drops down into the vagina
- Cystocele (bladder prolapse) — the bladder bulges into the front vaginal wall
- Rectocele (rectal prolapse) — the rectum bulges into the back vaginal wall
- Vaginal vault prolapse — the top of the vagina drops down, which can happen after a hysterectomy
Why does it happen?
- Childbirth (especially multiple vaginal deliveries or large babies) can stretch pelvic tissues.
- Menopause & aging: Lower estrogen weakens the support tissues.
- Chronic straining: From constipation, heavy lifting, or persistent coughing.
- Being overweight also adds pressure on pelvic muscles.
What does it feel like? You might notice:
- A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis.
- A bulge or something “falling out” of the vagina.
- Problems with bladder control (leaking urine) or trouble emptying fully.
- Sometimes trouble with bowel movements.
- Discomfort during sex.
Is it dangerous?
- Prolapse is usually not life-threatening, but it can be uncomfortable and affect quality of life.
- Severe prolapse may need treatment to avoid worsening bladder or bowel problems.
How is it treated?
- Mild cases: Pelvic floor (Kegel) exercises, lifestyle changes (like avoiding heavy lifting & managing constipation).
- Pessaries: A small device inserted into the vagina to support organs.
- Surgery: To repair and lift the organs back in place if it’s severe or symptoms are bothersome.
Quick summary A prolapse is when pelvic organs like the uterus, bladder, or rectum slip down into the vagina because of weakened support tissues. It’s common after childbirth and menopause, and treatments range from exercises to surgery.