Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):

A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection that occurs in any part of the urinary system, which includes the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. In women, UTIs are very common due to their shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to reach the bladder more easily.

Causes of UTIs; Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, especially:

• Escherichia coli (E. coli) – a bacteria normally found in the bowel Other possible causes:
• Sexual activity (can introduce bacteria)
• Holding in urine too long
• Wiping from back to front (spreads bacteria from anus to urethra)
• Poor hygiene
• Menopause (due to reduced estrogen and vaginal dryness)
• Use of certain birth control methods (like spermicides or diaphragms)

Common Symptoms in Women;

• Burning sensation when urinating
• Frequent urge to urinate, often passing only small amounts
• Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
• Pelvic pain or pressure (especially in the lower abdomen)
• Blood in the urine (pink or red urine)
• Feeling tired or unwell Kidney infection symptoms may also include:
• Fever and chills
• Nausea or vomiting
• Pain in the upper back or side (flank pain) Treatment
• Antibiotics: Usually clears symptoms within a few days
• Pain relief: E.g., paracetamol or phenazopyridine (a urinary analgesic) Prevention Tips:
• Wipe front to back
• Urinate after sex
• Stay hydrated (drink plenty of water)
• Avoid holding in urine
• Avoid irritating feminine products (douches, sprays)
• Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight pants
• For frequent UTIs: doctor may suggest low-dose antibiotics or vaginal estrogen (post-menopause)